FORMATION OF MALAYSIA 16 SEPTEMBER 1963
16 SEPTEMBER 1963-THE ESTABLISHMENT OF MALAYSIA
The Prime Minister of the Federation of Malaya, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra in his speech at the Conference of Foreign Journalists' Association of Southeast Asia held at the Adelph Hotel, Singapore on 27 May 1961, had an insight about the need to establish a plan to bring the Federation of Malaya, Singapore, North Borneo, Brunei and Sarawak into a form of political and economic cooperation. Among other things, this cooperation should be conducted with the aims of limiting the influence of communist influence that could jeopardise the political stability within the region. The Goverment's stand is based on the political development in Singapore that shows an increasing influence of the Leftist. In addition to that, the idea is to offset the total population, increasing the economic development and to accelerate the process of the independence for Singapore, Brunei, North Borneo and Sarawak.
The commonwealth Parliamentary Association Branch of Malaya and Borneo Meeting in Singapore on 23 July 1961 had agreed to establish the Malaysia Solidarity Consultative Committee, chaired by Donald Stephen. The purpose of setting up this committee is to explain more cleary about the concept of Malaysia to the public, especially to the people of Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei. In this committee, the representatives of Malaya consisted of members of Parliament. Singapore Representatives comprises of the Legislative Council members and one from the opposition party. Members of the delegation from Sarawak were members of the State Council, the same with Sabah. The Committee convened four times to discuss matters relating to the establishments of Malaysia. The first meeting was held in Sabah in August 1961, followed by Kuching, Sarawak in December 1961 and then in Kuala Lumpur in January 1962. The last meeting was held in Singapore in February 1962. In the last meeting, the committee agreed to submit a memorandum to the Cobbold Commission to conduct surveys on the views of the people in Sarawak and Sabah on the notion of Malaysia.
The committee agreed to a memorandum containing several key items taht will become the basis of the planned consititution. The committes agreed that the Consititution of Malaya will be used as the basis of the Malayasian Consititution. Among other matters agreed upon was the need for a strong and authoritative Federal government in foreign relations, defence and security as well as Islam as the accepted official religion.
The formation of Cobbold Commission on 17 January 1962 is to give freedom and justice to all parties. The Commission was formed as an outcome from negotiations between the Federation of Malaya government and the British Government in November 1961. The purpose of this Commission is to explore the views of communities in North Borneo(Sabah) and Sarawak on the idea of Malaysia. The commission comprises of five members, chaired by Lord Cobbold, a fromer governor of the Bank of England, its members comprises of Dato' Wong Pow Nee and Encik Mohd Ghazali bin Shafie, representing the government of Malaya, while Sir Anthony Abell and Sir David Watherson, the representative of the British government. Mr.H.Harris acted as the Secretary.
Throughout February to April 1962, the Commission has meet more than 4,000 people and received 2,200 memorandums from the various groups that consisted of political parties, members of Government and Legislative Assembilies, the chiefs, the natives and the leaders of the country, municipal councils, religious leaders, trade unions and members of the public who gave their views. The results of this report show that 80 precent of the population of Sarawak and North Borneo support the establishment of Malaysia. Public support is cleary evident by the Cobbold Commission report, which was approved by the representatives of the United Nations Secretary. In addition, the report also includes recommendations from members of the Commissions on several matters specifited in the memorandum received.
On 21 June 1962, the report was submitted to the British Government and the Government of the Federation of Malaya. After having reviewed, the two governments agreed to accept nearly all of the recommendations made by the Commission. The Prime Minister of Malaya, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra, also received a report of the Cobbold Commission. He had formed a committee to study the report which was chaired by him and other members consisting of Tun Abdul Razak(Deputy Prime Minister), Tan Siew Sin (Finance of Minister), Datuk (Dr.) Ismail Dato' Abdul Rahman (Internal Security Minister) and Datuk V.T Sambanthan (Minister of Public Works and Telecommunications).
Consensus was reached between teh Prime Minister of the Federation of Malaya, Tuku Abdul Rahman and Harold Macmillan, the British Prime Minister to hold talks in London. Negotiations had been going on for 2 weeks. In July 1963, an important agreement was sign at the Commonwealth Relations Office in Malborough House, London. Representatives of the British government, the Federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore, signed the agreement establishing the Federation of Malaysia. Approval to form Malaysia was obtained on 31 August 1963. However, the establishment of Malaysia which was planned on that date had to be postponed due to the fact that the United Nations Secretary reports can only be compieted on 14 September 1963. Malaysia was finally deciared on 16 September 1963.
SERIES OF EVENTS
The deciaration of Malaysia ceremony was held at Stadium Merdeka Kuala Lumpur on 16 September 1963. His Majesty the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the Malay Rulers, and the Governor of Penang, Malacca, Singapore, Sarawak and Sabah graced this glorious ceremony. The cabinet members, foreign diplomats in Kuala Lumpur as well as special guests also attended the ceremony.
The Prime Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra recited the formation of Malaysia Deciaration in front of about 30,000 Malaysians who were celebrating the historic day. Tunku then chanted "Merdeka" seven times which was alternated by cries of the people present. The ceremony ended with prayers read by the Mufti of Negeri Sembilan, Tuan Haji Ahmad bin Mohammad Said.
http://www.arkib.gov.my/en/web/guest/penubuhan-malaysia-16-september-1963
REVIEW:
History of the formation of Malaysia was not long. It does not have high levels of time as is within the country achieved independence in 1957.
However, many events occur within the next two or three years before the establishment of the opposition to react, the conflict between the state and these are savage state and these are important things to understand.
These events are a lot of implications and lessons. Finally, 30 months after the formation of Malaysia announced intentions seriously by Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia declared on 16 September 1963.
MALAYAN UNION
INTRODUCTION REASONS FOR MALAYAN UNION
1. Setup Creates Self Government
● British introduced the Malayan Union in preparation to Malaya towards
form of self-government.
2. To produce well-slippery Administration
● British want to create a smooth administration.
● System pentadbitan before this lot inconvenience because of the difference in terms of
mode of administration.
3. Saves administrative costs
● Distribution of Malaya to 3 units of government that NNS, NNMB and NNMTB
admin has been difficult.
● Diversity system has been costly.
● It also causes economic development in each country is not balanced.
4. Developing Nations Malayan Union.
● British intended to form the Malayan Union nations that immigrants can
forget the country of origin and focus of allegiance to the Malayan Union.
● Thus, the British were able to ensure that resources and investment to develop
Malayan economy is not retarded.
5. Controlling the political power of the Malays.
● British opinion to create the Malayan Union will guarantee mastery
continued against the Malayan economy.
● In addition, it can also reduce the political power of the Malays.
FEATURES MALAYAN UNION
REVIEW:
In conclusion, as the political power of the British Malaya has introduced the Malayan Union which has invited mixed reactions from the community led to the resistance movement. Malayan Union was a political colonization of Malaya. Umbrella policy conducted over the Malay states for this disconnect, and all executive and legislative powers taken by the King of England and the British parliament. We can say that the Malayan Union movement triggers the Malayan nationalism of the right and left wing parties. Malayan Union plan considered by J. de V. Allen as something that rocked the Malays seem an earthquake has occurred. 1 April 1946 recorded a turning point that changed the history of this country journey that day the Malayan Union which is regarded by the Malays as black dots when they lost power in their homeland.
Malayan Union has brought significant changes to the politics of the Malays. Malayan Union crisis in 1946 saw the formation of the party to champion the interests of the Malays. UMNO as a new party has been set up in May 1946 was to oppose the Malayan Union which authorities on April 1, 1946 and arguably the political pressure on the British colonial administration. In this early period, the party was competing with PKMM to support the Malay community, which eventually won the UMNO more support from the community. UMNO has emerged as a major party and then matched by the PAS in 1959 until now. as the political consciousness of the Malays, this causes the Malayan Union was dissolved. Dissolution of the Malayan Union was a huge success for the Malays and replaced by the Federation of Malaya. Finally, efforts have yielded Malays when Malaya achieved independence on August 31, 1957.
The commonwealth Parliamentary Association Branch of Malaya and Borneo Meeting in Singapore on 23 July 1961 had agreed to establish the Malaysia Solidarity Consultative Committee, chaired by Donald Stephen. The purpose of setting up this committee is to explain more cleary about the concept of Malaysia to the public, especially to the people of Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei. In this committee, the representatives of Malaya consisted of members of Parliament. Singapore Representatives comprises of the Legislative Council members and one from the opposition party. Members of the delegation from Sarawak were members of the State Council, the same with Sabah. The Committee convened four times to discuss matters relating to the establishments of Malaysia. The first meeting was held in Sabah in August 1961, followed by Kuching, Sarawak in December 1961 and then in Kuala Lumpur in January 1962. The last meeting was held in Singapore in February 1962. In the last meeting, the committee agreed to submit a memorandum to the Cobbold Commission to conduct surveys on the views of the people in Sarawak and Sabah on the notion of Malaysia.
The committee agreed to a memorandum containing several key items taht will become the basis of the planned consititution. The committes agreed that the Consititution of Malaya will be used as the basis of the Malayasian Consititution. Among other matters agreed upon was the need for a strong and authoritative Federal government in foreign relations, defence and security as well as Islam as the accepted official religion.
The formation of Cobbold Commission on 17 January 1962 is to give freedom and justice to all parties. The Commission was formed as an outcome from negotiations between the Federation of Malaya government and the British Government in November 1961. The purpose of this Commission is to explore the views of communities in North Borneo(Sabah) and Sarawak on the idea of Malaysia. The commission comprises of five members, chaired by Lord Cobbold, a fromer governor of the Bank of England, its members comprises of Dato' Wong Pow Nee and Encik Mohd Ghazali bin Shafie, representing the government of Malaya, while Sir Anthony Abell and Sir David Watherson, the representative of the British government. Mr.H.Harris acted as the Secretary.
Throughout February to April 1962, the Commission has meet more than 4,000 people and received 2,200 memorandums from the various groups that consisted of political parties, members of Government and Legislative Assembilies, the chiefs, the natives and the leaders of the country, municipal councils, religious leaders, trade unions and members of the public who gave their views. The results of this report show that 80 precent of the population of Sarawak and North Borneo support the establishment of Malaysia. Public support is cleary evident by the Cobbold Commission report, which was approved by the representatives of the United Nations Secretary. In addition, the report also includes recommendations from members of the Commissions on several matters specifited in the memorandum received.
On 21 June 1962, the report was submitted to the British Government and the Government of the Federation of Malaya. After having reviewed, the two governments agreed to accept nearly all of the recommendations made by the Commission. The Prime Minister of Malaya, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra, also received a report of the Cobbold Commission. He had formed a committee to study the report which was chaired by him and other members consisting of Tun Abdul Razak(Deputy Prime Minister), Tan Siew Sin (Finance of Minister), Datuk (Dr.) Ismail Dato' Abdul Rahman (Internal Security Minister) and Datuk V.T Sambanthan (Minister of Public Works and Telecommunications).
Consensus was reached between teh Prime Minister of the Federation of Malaya, Tuku Abdul Rahman and Harold Macmillan, the British Prime Minister to hold talks in London. Negotiations had been going on for 2 weeks. In July 1963, an important agreement was sign at the Commonwealth Relations Office in Malborough House, London. Representatives of the British government, the Federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore, signed the agreement establishing the Federation of Malaysia. Approval to form Malaysia was obtained on 31 August 1963. However, the establishment of Malaysia which was planned on that date had to be postponed due to the fact that the United Nations Secretary reports can only be compieted on 14 September 1963. Malaysia was finally deciared on 16 September 1963.
SERIES OF EVENTS
The deciaration of Malaysia ceremony was held at Stadium Merdeka Kuala Lumpur on 16 September 1963. His Majesty the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the Malay Rulers, and the Governor of Penang, Malacca, Singapore, Sarawak and Sabah graced this glorious ceremony. The cabinet members, foreign diplomats in Kuala Lumpur as well as special guests also attended the ceremony.
The Prime Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra recited the formation of Malaysia Deciaration in front of about 30,000 Malaysians who were celebrating the historic day. Tunku then chanted "Merdeka" seven times which was alternated by cries of the people present. The ceremony ended with prayers read by the Mufti of Negeri Sembilan, Tuan Haji Ahmad bin Mohammad Said.
- 27 May 1961- Tunku Abdul Rahman, the Prime Minister, during the National Association of Foreign Journalists in Southeast Asia at Adelphi Hotel, Singapore had an insight about the need to establish a plan to bring the Federation of Malaya, Singapore, Borneo, Brunei and Sarawak into a form of political cooperation.
- 23 July 1961- The meeting between the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Malaya and Borneo Branch in Singapore had agreed to establish Malaysia Solidarity Consultative Cimmittee, chaired by Donald Stephen.
- August 1961- The inaugural meeting of the Malaysia Solidarity Consultative Committee was held in Sabah.
- 18-20 December 1961- The second Malaysia Solidarity Consultative Committee Meeting was held in Kuching, Sarawak.
- 6-7 January 1962- The third Malaysia Solidarity Consultative Committee meeting was held in the Selangor Legislative Assembly Chamber, Kuala Lumpur.
- 17 January 1962- The Cobbold Commission was established to survey the views of communities in North Borneo (Sabah) and Sarawak. The Commission consists of five members namely Lord Cobbold, Dato' Wong Pow Nee, En. Mohd Ghazali Shafie, Sir Anthony Abell and Sir David Watherston, Mr.H.Harris acted as Secretary.
- 3-4 February 1962- The Fourth Malaysia Solidarity Consultative Committee Meeting.
- 21 June 1962- The Cobbold Commission Report was prepared and submited to the British government and the federation of Malaya government.
- July 1962- Prime Minister of the Federation of Malaya, Tunku Abdul Rahman and Mr. Harold MacMillan, the British Minister had unanimously agreed to hold talks.
- 9 July 1963-an important agreement was the signed at the Commonwealth Relations Office in Malborough House, London. The establishment of the Federation of Malaysia agreement was signed by the representatives of the British goverment, the Federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore.
- 16 September 1963- The declaration of Malaysia ceremony was held at Stadium Merdeka Kuala Lumpur. The formation of Malaysia Declaration was recited by the Prime Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman in front of about 30,000 people of Malaysia.
- YTM Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj, the Prime Minister of the Federation of Malaya in his speech to foreign journalists at the Adelphi Hotel, Singapore on 27 May 1961. During the events, Tunku initiated his proposal on the establishment of Malaysia.
- The members of the Malaysia Solidarity Consultatives Committee held a meeting at the Selangor Legistative Assembly Chamber, Kuala Lumpur on 6 and 7 January 1962. The Committee was established in july 1961 with the purpose of explaining to the people of North Borneo, Sarawak and Brunei about the establishment of Malaysia. This is the third meeting held.
- The Cobbold Commission was established on 177 January 1962 to survey the views of communities of North Borneo and Sarawak. Members of the Commission are from left Mohd Ghazali Shafie, Wong Pow Nee, Lord Cobbold, Sir David Watherston and Sir David Watherston and Sir Anthony Abell.
- The Commission of Enquiry, North Borneo and Sarawak statement, 1962. This statement describes the results of the Commission report that showed that 80% of the population of North Borneo and Sarawak supports the idea of Malaysia. This report is then presented to be British goverment and the governmentts of Malaya on 21 June 1962.
- YTM Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj, held a press conference at this Residence on 6 July 1963, to announce his departure to London to attend the signing ceremony for the establishment of Malaysia.
- YTM Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj, boarding a plane at the Sungai Besi Airport on the evening of 6 July 1963 to Singapore and then to London to sign the agreement of the Malaysia establishment.
- The Prime Minister of the Federation of Malaya, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj during the formation of Malaysia signed an agreement on 9 July 1963, at Malborough House, London.
- The general public eagerly waiting for YTM Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj at the Sungai Besi Airport, Kuala Lumpur on 25 July 1963 after returning from talks with the Birtish on the establishment of the Federation of Malaysia at Malborough House, London.
- YTM Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj inspecting troops who welcomed his return home from London at the Sungai Besi airport, Kuala Lumpur on 25 July 1963.
- His Majesty the Yang di-Pertuan Agong receiving the salute from members of the uniformed forces of various contingents participating in the parade in conjunction with Malaysia Day celebration held on 17 September at Stadium Merdeka, Kuala Lumpur.
- School students forming the word 'Hidup Malaysia' (Long Live Malaysia) in conjunction with Malaysia Day, held at stadium Merdeka on 17 September 1963.
- His Majesty the Yang di-Pertuan Agong delivering his speeh at the Malaysia promulgation ceremony on 17 September 1963. The glorious event was attend by 30,000 citizens of all races.
- YTM Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj chanting "Merdeka" seven times alternated by the cries of the people in attendance, after reading the promulgation of Malaysia on 17 September 1963.
- Prime Minister, YTM Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj Malaysia signed the promulgation decree on 16 September 1963.
http://www.arkib.gov.my/en/web/guest/penubuhan-malaysia-16-september-1963
REVIEW:
History of the formation of Malaysia was not long. It does not have high levels of time as is within the country achieved independence in 1957.
However, many events occur within the next two or three years before the establishment of the opposition to react, the conflict between the state and these are savage state and these are important things to understand.
These events are a lot of implications and lessons. Finally, 30 months after the formation of Malaysia announced intentions seriously by Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia declared on 16 September 1963.
MALAYAN UNION
INTRODUCTION REASONS FOR MALAYAN UNION
1. Setup Creates Self Government
● British introduced the Malayan Union in preparation to Malaya towards
form of self-government.
2. To produce well-slippery Administration
● British want to create a smooth administration.
● System pentadbitan before this lot inconvenience because of the difference in terms of
mode of administration.
3. Saves administrative costs
● Distribution of Malaya to 3 units of government that NNS, NNMB and NNMTB
admin has been difficult.
● Diversity system has been costly.
● It also causes economic development in each country is not balanced.
4. Developing Nations Malayan Union.
● British intended to form the Malayan Union nations that immigrants can
forget the country of origin and focus of allegiance to the Malayan Union.
● Thus, the British were able to ensure that resources and investment to develop
Malayan economy is not retarded.
5. Controlling the political power of the Malays.
● British opinion to create the Malayan Union will guarantee mastery
continued against the Malayan economy.
● In addition, it can also reduce the political power of the Malays.
FEATURES MALAYAN UNION
- All states NNMB and NNMTB and NNS consolidated
- British Governor to lead MU
- Executive Council and Legislative Council formed MU
- Even the royal family from Singapore separated Union / free port
- Citizenship based on jus soli
- Malay rulers to be a member of the Council of Malay Rulers well-powered talk about religion and Malay customs
- In each state appointed a Commissioner of the State.
- Malaya so British Colonies / no longer a British protectorate.
How the Malays against the Malayan Union:
- Letter by Malay newspaper Utusan Melayu as the Council and the Gazette.
- Hold peaceful demonstrations during Sir Harold MacMichael get signatures of the Malay Rulers.
- This protest took place in Kota Bharu and Alor Setar, Kedah.
- Malay associations switched to oppose the Malayan Union.
- They sent a telegram and a letter of protest to the Colonial Office in London.
- January 23, 1946, Dato 'Onn Jaafar urged Malays berkongres and established the United Malays Organisation (Umno).
- Malay Congress 1946 held from 1 - March 4, 1946 at Club Sultan Sulaiman, Kampung Baru Kuala Lumpur.
- The Congress was attended by 41 associations throughout Malaya.
- Congress has agreed to establish a United Malays National Organization (UMNO) or the United Malays National Organisation.
- Second Malay Congress held from 30 to 31 March 1946 aim to protest the declaration of the Malayan Union on 1 April 1946.
- Malays hold rallies in every major city to show their opposition to British lawmakers that LD Gammans and David Reese William.
- Malay rulers gathered in Kuala Kangsar on 28 April 19
REVIEW:
In conclusion, as the political power of the British Malaya has introduced the Malayan Union which has invited mixed reactions from the community led to the resistance movement. Malayan Union was a political colonization of Malaya. Umbrella policy conducted over the Malay states for this disconnect, and all executive and legislative powers taken by the King of England and the British parliament. We can say that the Malayan Union movement triggers the Malayan nationalism of the right and left wing parties. Malayan Union plan considered by J. de V. Allen as something that rocked the Malays seem an earthquake has occurred. 1 April 1946 recorded a turning point that changed the history of this country journey that day the Malayan Union which is regarded by the Malays as black dots when they lost power in their homeland.
Malayan Union has brought significant changes to the politics of the Malays. Malayan Union crisis in 1946 saw the formation of the party to champion the interests of the Malays. UMNO as a new party has been set up in May 1946 was to oppose the Malayan Union which authorities on April 1, 1946 and arguably the political pressure on the British colonial administration. In this early period, the party was competing with PKMM to support the Malay community, which eventually won the UMNO more support from the community. UMNO has emerged as a major party and then matched by the PAS in 1959 until now. as the political consciousness of the Malays, this causes the Malayan Union was dissolved. Dissolution of the Malayan Union was a huge success for the Malays and replaced by the Federation of Malaya. Finally, efforts have yielded Malays when Malaya achieved independence on August 31, 1957.
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